The climate varies from tropical to temperate, with arid conditions in the coastal south. Out of the total area of Pakistan, 34.85 Mha is the agricultural area, and the forest area accounts for 3.92 Mha6 The density of the population of Pakistan is more than 287 inhabitants per Sq. Pakistan ranks fifth among the most populous countries of the world4. The livelihood of rural population is mainly on agriculture which is dependent mainly on irrigation. The total population of Pakistan was estimated as 229 Million in 2022 as per the estimates and projections of Trading Economics2, out of which rural population constitutes 62.84%3. Ranging from the coastal areas of the south to the lofty mountains of the north, Pakistan’s landscape varies from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus The geographical coordinates of Pakistan are: 30.3753°N and 69.3451☎. It ranks 34th among the largest countries of the world in terms of its total area and accounts for 0.5% of the total landmass of the world1. The coastline of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman forms its southern border. It is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. Pakistan is a South Asian country with a total area of 796,000 Sq.
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